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Wisdom teeth (third molars) typically erupt between the ages of 17 and 25. Like other teeth, wisdom teeth play a role in oral function, but they often need extraction due to crowding, gum infections, or improper positioning. In this article you will find everything you need to know about the extraction process and aftercare for wisdom teeth.
Wisdom teeth are the third molars located at the very back of the mouth. Most people have four wisdom teeth — two upper and two lower. While they can contribute to chewing, they frequently cause problems because of lack of space in the jaw.
Extraction of wisdom teeth may be necessary in the following situations:
Lack of space: When the jaw does not have enough room, wisdom teeth can push adjacent teeth and cause crowding.
Impacted teeth: Teeth that are fully or partially trapped in the jawbone may cause pain and infections.
Gum infections: Infections around wisdom teeth can lead to swelling, pain and abscess formation.
Caries: Due to their position, wisdom teeth may be difficult to clean and become decayed.
Oral hygiene problems: Hard-to-reach wisdom teeth can negatively affect overall oral hygiene.
Examination and Assessment: Your dentist will take X-rays to evaluate the position and condition of your wisdom teeth and decide whether extraction is necessary.
Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is applied so you do not feel pain during the procedure. In some cases — especially when multiple wisdom teeth are removed — sedation or general anesthesia may be used.
Extraction: The dentist carefully removes the tooth from the jaw. For impacted teeth, the gum and sometimes bone around the tooth are opened to allow safe removal. Modern techniques minimize trauma to surrounding tissues.
Bleeding Control and Sutures: Sterile gauze is placed to control bleeding; sutures may be applied if deemed necessary.
To support healing and reduce infection risk after extraction, observe the following:
Bleeding control: Bite gently on the provided gauze for 30–45 minutes to help stop bleeding.
Pain management: Use painkillers prescribed or recommended by your dentist and apply cold compresses when needed.
Food & drink: Avoid hot foods and beverages for the first 24 hours; prefer soft and cool foods.
Oral hygiene: Avoid vigorous rinsing during the first 24 hours. Brush carefully and avoid disturbing the extraction site.
Suture care: If sutures were placed, follow care instructions and attend the appointment for suture removal.
Wisdom tooth extraction is generally safe, but complications may occur:
Dry socket (alveolitis): Displacement or loss of the blood clot at the extraction site leading to delayed healing.
Infection: Risk of postoperative infection at the site.
Nerve injury: Possible nerve damage, especially with lower wisdom teeth.
Following your dentist’s instructions and attending follow-ups reduces the risk of complications.
Usually it is not necessary to fill the space after wisdom tooth removal; however, maintain regular dental care and check-ups to preserve oral health. Your dentist will give you guidance on the healing process and post-operative care.
Wisdom tooth extraction is an important treatment to protect oral health and prevent more serious problems. If you experience pain or discomfort related to your wisdom teeth, contact your dentist to discuss extraction options.
